Abstract: The rise of digital militias such as non-state actors exploiting social media for ideological propagation, recruitment and coordinated disruption of nation states has created a new layer of insecurity in West Africa and beyond. This study investigated how extremist groups, separatist movements and cyber-activists strategically use platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp and X (formerly…
Abstract: Nigeria and Niger Republic are two West African neighbours with geostrategic interests. Nigeria’s fraternal relationship with Niger Republic draws its breath of life from more than just her Afrocentrism. It is rooted in their histories. The peoples of both countries were hitherto territorially yoked before European scramble for African territory unbundled them in 1884/1885.…
Abstract: History education plays a pivotal role in shaping democratic governance by fostering civic awareness, critical reasoning, and historical consciousness. In Nigeria, the then erosion of history instruction in schools has coincided with persistent democratic challenges, including electoral apathy, corruption, and ethno-religious tensions. Drawing on comparative global experiences from transitional and mature democracies, this study…
Abstract: This paper examines the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Residence, and Establishment from 2010 to 2025, assessing its impact on Nigeria’s foreign policy, security, and economic development. As the sub-region’s largest economy and most populous state, Nigeria plays a central role in advancing ECOWAS integration objectives.…